Found 195 papers

Sorted by: Newest First
JMLR Oct 07, 2025
"What is Different Between These Datasets?" A Framework for Explaining Data Distribution Shifts

Varun Babbar*, Zhicheng Guo*, Cynthia Rudin

The performance of machine learning models relies heavily on the quality of input data, yet real-world applications often face significant data-relate...

Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Linear Separation Capacity of Self-Supervised Representation Learning

Shulei Wang

Recent advances in self-supervised learning have highlighted the efficacy of data augmentation in learning data representation from unlabeled data. Tr...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
On the Convergence of Projected Policy Gradient for Any Constant Step Sizes

Zhihua Zhang, Jiacai Liu, Wenye Li et al.

Projected policy gradient (PPG) is a basic policy optimization method in reinforcement learning. Given access to exact policy evaluations, previous s...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Learning with Linear Function Approximations in Mean-Field Control

Erhan Bayraktar, Ali Devran Kara

The paper focuses on mean-field type multi-agent control problems with finite state and action spaces where the dynamics and cost structures are symme...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
A New Random Reshuffling Method for Nonsmooth Nonconvex Finite-sum Optimization

Junwen Qiu, Xiao Li, Andre Milzarek

Random reshuffling techniques are prevalent in large-scale applications, such as training neural networks. While the convergence and acceleration effe...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Model-free Change-Point Detection Using AUC of a Classifier

Feiyu Jiang, Rohit Kanrar, Zhanrui Cai

In contemporary data analysis, it is increasingly common to work with non-stationary complex data sets. These data sets typically extend beyond the cl...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
EF21 with Bells & Whistles: Six Algorithmic Extensions of Modern Error Feedback

Ilyas Fatkhullin, Igor Sokolov, Eduard Gorbunov et al.

First proposed by Seide (2014) as a heuristic, error feedback (EF) is a very popular mechanism for enforcing convergence of distributed gradient-based...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Multiple Instance Verification

Xin Xu, Eibe Frank, Geoffrey Holmes

We explore multiple instance verification, a problem setting in which a query instance is verified against a bag of target instances with heterogeneou...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Learning from Similar Linear Representations: Adaptivity, Minimaxity, and Robustness

Yang Feng, Yuqi Gu, Ye Tian

Representation multi-task learning (MTL) has achieved tremendous success in practice. However, the theoretical understanding of these methods is still...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Exponential Family Graphical Models: Correlated Replicates and Unmeasured Confounders, with Applications to fMRI Data

Kean Ming Tan, Yang Ning, Yanxin Jin

Graphical models have been used extensively for modeling brain connectivity networks. However, unmeasured confounders and correlations among measureme...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Optimizing Return Distributions with Distributional Dynamic Programming

Bernardo Ávila Pires, Mark Rowland, Diana Borsa et al.

We introduce distributional dynamic programming (DP) methods for optimizing statistical functionals of the return distribution, with standard reinforc...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Imprecise Multi-Armed Bandits: Representing Irreducible Uncertainty as a Zero-Sum Game

Vanessa Kosoy

We introduce a novel multi-armed bandit framework, where each arm is associated with a fixed unknown credal set over the space of outcomes (which can ...

Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Early Alignment in Two-Layer Networks Training is a Two-Edged Sword

Etienne Boursier, Nicolas Flammarion

Training neural networks with first order optimisation methods is at the core of the empirical success of deep learning. The scale of initialisation i...

Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Hierarchical Decision Making Based on Structural Information Principles

Xianghua Zeng, Hao Peng, Dingli Su et al.

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning (HRL) is a promising approach for managing task complexity across multiple levels of abstraction and accelerating ...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Generative Adversarial Networks: Dynamics

Matias G. Delgadino, Bruno B. Suassuna, Rene Cabrera

We study quantitatively the overparametrization limit of the original Wasserstein-GAN algorithm. Effectively, we show that the algorithm is a stochast...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
“What is Different Between These Datasets?” A Framework for Explaining Data Distribution Shifts

Varun Babbar*, Zhicheng Guo*, Cynthia Rudin

The performance of machine learning models relies heavily on the quality of input data, yet real-world applications often face significant data-relate...

Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Assumption-lean and data-adaptive post-prediction inference

Jiacheng Miao, Xinran Miao, Yixuan Wu et al.

A primary challenge facing modern scientific research is the limited availability of gold-standard data, which can be costly, labor-intensive, or inva...

Statistical Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Bagged Regularized k-Distances for Anomaly Detection

Hanyuan Hang, Hanfang Yang, Yuchao Cai et al.

We consider the paradigm of unsupervised anomaly detection, which involves the identification of anomalies within a dataset in the absence of labeled ...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Four Axiomatic Characterizations of the Integrated Gradients Attribution Method

Daniel Lundstrom, Meisam Razaviyayn

Deep neural networks have produced significant progress among machine learning models in terms of accuracy and functionality, but their inner workings...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Fast Algorithm for Constrained Linear Inverse Problems

Mohammed Rayyan Sheriff, Floor Fenne Redel, Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani

We consider the constrained Linear Inverse Problem (LIP), where a certain atomic norm (like the $\ell_1 $ norm) is minimized subject to a quadratic co...

Machine Learning Computational Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
High-Rank Irreducible Cartesian Tensor Decomposition and Bases of Equivariant Spaces

Shihao Shao, Yikang Li, Zhouchen Lin et al.

Irreducible Cartesian tensors (ICTs) play a crucial role in the design of equivariant graph neural networks, as well as in theoretical chemistry and c...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Best Linear Unbiased Estimate from Privatized Contingency Tables

Jordan Awan, Adam Edwards, Paul Bartholomew et al.

In differential privacy (DP) mechanisms, it can be beneficial to release "redundant" outputs, where some quantities can be estimated in multiple ways...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Interpretable Global Minima of Deep ReLU Neural Networks on Sequentially Separable Data

Thomas Chen, Patrícia Muñoz Ewald

We explicitly construct zero loss neural network classifiers. We write the weight matrices and bias vectors in terms of cumulative parameters, which ...

Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Enhanced Feature Learning via Regularisation: Integrating Neural Networks and Kernel Methods

Bertille FOLLAIN, Francis BACH

We propose a new method for feature learning and function estimation in supervised learning via regularised empirical risk minimisation. Our approach ...

Nonparametric Statistics Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Data-Driven Performance Guarantees for Classical and Learned Optimizers

Rajiv Sambharya, Bartolomeo Stellato

We introduce a data-driven approach to analyze the performance of continuous optimization algorithms using generalization guarantees from statistical ...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Contextual Bandits with Stage-wise Constraints

Aldo Pacchiano, Mohammad Ghavamzadeh, Peter Bartlett

We study contextual bandits in the presence of a stage-wise constraint when the constraint must be satisfied both with high probability and in expecta...

Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Boosting Causal Additive Models

Maximilian Kertel, Nadja Klein

We present a boosting-based method to learn additive Structural Equation Models (SEMs) from observational data, with a focus on the theoretical aspect...

Causal Inference
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Frequentist Guarantees of Distributed (Non)-Bayesian Inference

Bohan Wu, César A. Uribe

We establish frequentist properties, i.e., posterior consistency, asymptotic normality, and posterior contraction rates, for the distributed (non-)Bay...

Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Asymptotic Inference for Multi-Stage Stationary Treatment Policy with Variable Selection

Donglin Zeng, Yufeng Liu, Daiqi Gao

Dynamic treatment regimes or policies are a sequence of decision functions over multiple stages that are tailored to individual features. One importan...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
EMaP: Explainable AI with Manifold-based Perturbations

Minh Nhat Vu, Huy Quang Mai, My T. Thai

In the last few years, many explanation methods based on the perturbations of input data have been introduced to shed light on the predictions generat...

Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Autoencoders in Function Space

Justin Bunker, Mark Girolami, Hefin Lambley et al.

Autoencoders have found widespread application in both their original deterministic form and in their variational formulation (VAEs). In scientific ap...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Nonparametric Regression on Random Geometric Graphs Sampled from Submanifolds

Paul Rosa, Judith Rousseau

We consider the nonparametric regression problem when the covariates are located on an unknown compact submanifold of a Euclidean space. Under definin...

Nonparametric Statistics Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
System Neural Diversity: Measuring Behavioral Heterogeneity in Multi-Agent Learning

Matteo Bettini, Ajay Shankar, Amanda Prorok

Evolutionary science provides evidence that diversity confers resilience in natural systems. Yet, traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning techn...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Distribution Estimation under the Infinity Norm

Aryeh Kontorovich, Amichai Painsky

We present novel bounds for estimating discrete probability distributions under the $\ell_\infty$ norm. These are nearly optimal in various precise se...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Extending Temperature Scaling with Homogenizing Maps

Christopher Qian, Feng Liang, Jason Adams

As machine learning models continue to grow more complex, poor calibration significantly limits the reliability of their predictions. Temperature scal...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Density Estimation Using the Perceptron

Yury Polyanskiy, Patrik Róbert Gerber, Tianze Jiang et al.

We propose a new density estimation algorithm. Given $n$ i.i.d. observations from a distribution belonging to a class of densities on $\mathbb{R}^d$...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Simplex Constrained Sparse Optimization via Tail Screening

Xueqin Wang, Peng Chen, Jin Zhu et al.

We consider the probabilistic simplex-constrained sparse recovery problem. The commonly used Lasso-type penalty for promoting sparsity is ineffective ...

Machine Learning High-Dimensional Statistics Computational Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Score-Based Diffusion Models in Function Space

Jae Hyun Lim, Nikola B. Kovachki, Ricardo Baptista et al.

Diffusion models have recently emerged as a powerful framework for generative modeling. They consist of a forward process that perturbs input data wit...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Regularized Rényi Divergence Minimization through Bregman Proximal Gradient Algorithms

Thomas Guilmeau, Emilie Chouzenoux, Víctor Elvira

We study the variational inference problem of minimizing a regularized Rényi divergence over an exponential family. We propose to solve this problem w...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
WEFE: A Python Library for Measuring and Mitigating Bias in Word Embeddings

Pablo Badilla, Felipe Bravo-Marquez, María José Zambrano et al.

Word embeddings, which are a mapping of words into continuous vectors, are widely used in modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems. However, t...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Frontiers to the learning of nonparametric hidden Markov models

Elisabeth Gassiat, Zacharie Naulet, Kweku Abraham

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are flexible tools for clustering dependent data coming from unknown populations, allowing nonparametric modelling of the ...

Nonparametric Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
On Non-asymptotic Theory of Recurrent Neural Networks in Temporal Point Processes

Zhiheng Chen, Guanhua Fang, Wen Yu

Temporal point process (TPP) is an important tool for modeling and predicting irregularly timed events across various domains. Recently, the recurrent...

Machine Learning Time Series
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Classification in the high dimensional Anisotropic mixture framework: A new take on Robust Interpolation

Stanislav Minsker, Mohamed Ndaoud, Yiqiu Shen

We study the classification problem under the two-component anisotropic sub-Gaussian mixture model in high dimensions and in the non-asymptotic settin...

Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Universal Online Convex Optimization Meets Second-order Bounds

Yibo Wang, Lijun Zhang, Guanghui Wang et al.

Recently, several universal methods have been proposed for online convex optimization, and attain minimax rates for multiple types of convex function...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Sample Complexity of the Linear Quadratic Regulator: A Reinforcement Learning Lens

Amirreza Neshaei Moghaddam, Alex Olshevsky, Bahman Gharesifard

We provide the first known algorithm that provably achieves $\varepsilon$-optimality within $\widetilde{O}(1/\varepsilon)$ function evaluations for th...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Randomization Can Reduce Both Bias and Variance: A Case Study in Random Forests

Rahul Mazumder, Brian Liu

We study the often overlooked phenomenon, first noted in Breiman (2001), that random forests appear to reduce bias compared to bagging. Motivated by a...

Experimental Design
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
skglm: Improving scikit-learn for Regularized Generalized Linear Models

Badr Moufad, Pierre-Antoine Bannier, Quentin Bertrand et al.

We introduce skglm, an open-source Python package for regularized Generalized Linear Models. Thanks to its composable nature, it supports combining da...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Losing Momentum in Continuous-time Stochastic Optimisation

Kexin Jin, Jonas Latz, Chenguang Liu et al.

The training of modern machine learning models often consists in solving high-dimensional non-convex optimisation problems that are subject to large-s...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Latent Process Models for Functional Network Data

Elizaveta Levina, Ji Zhu, Peter W. MacDonald

Network data are often sampled with auxiliary information or collected through the observation of a complex system over time, leading to multiple netw...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Dynamic Bayesian Learning for Spatiotemporal Mechanistic Models

Sudipto Banerjee, Xiang Chen, Ian Frankenburg et al.

We develop an approach for Bayesian learning of spatiotemporal dynamical mechanistic models. Such learning consists of statistical emulation of the me...

Bayesian Statistics Time Series
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
On the Ability of Deep Networks to Learn Symmetries from Data: A Neural Kernel Theory

Andrea Perin, Stephane Deny

Symmetries (transformations by group actions) are present in many datasets, and leveraging them holds considerable promise for improving predictions i...

Nonparametric Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Fine-grained Analysis and Faster Algorithms for Iteratively Solving Linear Systems

Michal Dereziński, Daniel LeJeune, Deanna Needell et al.

Despite being a key bottleneck in many machine learning tasks, the cost of solving large linear systems has proven challenging to quantify due to prob...

Machine Learning Computational Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Deep Generative Models: Complexity, Dimensionality, and Approximation

Didong Li, Kevin Wang, Hongqian Niu et al.

Generative networks have shown remarkable success in learning complex data distributions, particularly in generating high-dimensional data from lower-...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
ClimSim-Online: A Large Multi-Scale Dataset and Framework for Hybrid Physics-ML Climate Emulation

Sungduk Yu, Zeyuan Hu, Akshay Subramaniam et al.

Modern climate projections lack adequate spatial and temporal resolution due to computational constraints, leading to inaccuracies in representing cri...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Conditional Wasserstein Distances with Applications in Bayesian OT Flow Matching

Jannis Chemseddine, Paul Hagemann, Gabriele Steidl et al.

In inverse problems, many conditional generative models approximate the posterior measure by minimizing a distance between the joint measure and its l...

Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Deep Variational Multivariate Information Bottleneck - A Framework for Variational Losses

Eslam Abdelaleem, Ilya Nemenman, K. Michael Martini

Variational dimensionality reduction methods are widely used for their accuracy, generative capabilities, and robustness. We introduce a unifying fram...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Diffeomorphism-based feature learning using Poincaré inequalities on augmented input space

Romain Verdière, Clémentine Prieur, Olivier Zahm

We propose a gradient-enhanced algorithm for high-dimensional function approximation. The algorithm proceeds in two steps: firstly, we reduce the inp...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Finite Expression Method for Solving High-Dimensional Partial Differential Equations

Senwei Liang, Haizhao Yang

Designing efficient and accurate numerical solvers for high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs) remains a challenging and important topi...

High-Dimensional Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Randomly Projected Convex Clustering Model: Motivation, Realization, and Cluster Recovery Guarantees

Defeng Sun, Yancheng Yuan, Ziwen Wang et al.

In this paper, we propose a randomly projected convex clustering model for clustering a collection of $n$ high dimensional data points in $\mathbb{R}^...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Minimax Optimal Deep Neural Network Classifiers Under Smooth Decision Boundary

Zuofeng Shang, Tianyang Hu, Ruiqi Liu et al.

Deep learning has gained huge empirical successes in large-scale classification problems. In contrast, there is a lack of statistical understanding ab...

Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Optimal and Efficient Algorithms for Decentralized Online Convex Optimization

Lijun Zhang, Yuanyu Wan, Tong Wei et al.

We investigate decentralized online convex optimization (D-OCO), in which a set of local learners are required to minimize a sequence of global loss f...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Characterizing Dynamical Stability of Stochastic Gradient Descent in Overparameterized Learning

Dennis Chemnitz, Maximilian Engel

For overparameterized optimization tasks, such as those found in modern machine learning, global minima are generally not unique. In order to understa...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
PREMAP: A Unifying PREiMage APproximation Framework for Neural Networks

Xiyue Zhang, Benjie Wang, Marta Kwiatkowska et al.

Most methods for neural network verification focus on bounding the image, i.e., set of outputs for a given input set. This can be used to, for example...

Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Score-Aware Policy-Gradient and Performance Guarantees using Local Lyapunov Stability

Céline Comte, Matthieu Jonckheere, Jaron Sanders et al.

In this paper, we introduce a policy-gradient method for model-based reinforcement learning (RL) that exploits a type of stationary distributions comm...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
On the O(sqrt(d)/T^(1/4)) Convergence Rate of RMSProp and Its Momentum Extension Measured by l_1 Norm

Zhouchen Lin, Huan Li, Yiming Dong

Although adaptive gradient methods have been extensively used in deep learning, their convergence rates proved in the literature are all slower than t...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Categorical Semantics of Compositional Reinforcement Learning

Georgios Bakirtzis, Michail Savvas, Ufuk Topcu

Compositional knowledge representations in reinforcement learning (RL) facilitate modular, interpretable, and safe task specifications. However, gener...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Transformers from Diffusion: A Unified Framework for Neural Message Passing

David Wipf, Qitian Wu, Junchi Yan

Learning representations for structured data with certain geometries (e.g., observed or unobserved) is a fundamental challenge, wherein message passin...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Optimal Sample Selection Through Uncertainty Estimation and Its Application in Deep Learning

Yong Lin, Chen Liu, Chenlu Ye et al.

Modern deep learning heavily relies on large labeled datasets, which often comse with high costs in terms of both manual labeling and computational re...

Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Actor-Critic learning for mean-field control in continuous time

Noufel FRIKHA, Maximilien GERMAIN, Mathieu LAURIERE et al.

We study policy gradient for mean-field control in continuous time in a reinforcement learning setting. By considering randomised policies with entro...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Modelling Populations of Interaction Networks via Distance Metrics

George Bolt, Simón Lunagómez, Christopher Nemeth

Network data arises through the observation of relational information between a collection of entities, for example, friendships (relations) amongst a...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
BitNet: 1-bit Pre-training for Large Language Models

Lei Wang, Yi Wu, Hongyu Wang et al.

The increasing size of large language models (LLMs) has posed challenges for deployment and raised concerns about environmental impact due to high ene...

Machine Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Physics-informed Kernel Learning

Gérard Biau, Nathan Doumèche, Francis Bach et al.

Physics-informed machine learning typically integrates physical priors into the learning process by minimizing a loss function that includes both a da...

Nonparametric Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Last-iterate Convergence of Shuffling Momentum Gradient Method under the Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz Inequality

Yuqing Liang, Dongpo Xu

Shuffling gradient algorithms are extensively used to solve finite-sum optimization problems in machine learning. However, their theoretical propertie...

JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Posterior and Variational Inference for Deep Neural Networks with Heavy-Tailed Weights

Ismaël Castillo, Paul Egels

We consider deep neural networks in a Bayesian framework with a prior distribution sampling the network weights at random. Following a recent idea of...

Machine Learning Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Maximum Causal Entropy IRL in Mean-Field Games and GNEP Framework for Forward RL

Berkay Anahtarci, Can Deha Kariksiz, Naci Saldi

This paper explores the use of Maximum Causal Entropy Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) within the context of discrete-time stationary Mean-Field G...

Causal Inference
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Degree of Interference: A General Framework For Causal Inference Under Interference

Yuki Ohnishi, Bikram Karmakar, Arman Sabbaghi

One core assumption typically adopted for valid causal inference is that of no interference between experimental units, i.e., the outcome of an experi...

Causal Inference
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Quantifying the Effectiveness of Linear Preconditioning in Markov Chain Monte Carlo

Max Hird, Samuel Livingstone

We study linear preconditioning in Markov chain Monte Carlo. We consider the class of well-conditioned distributions, for which several mixing time bo...

Machine Learning Computational Statistics Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Sparse SVM with Hard-Margin Loss: a Newton-Augmented Lagrangian Method in Reduced Dimensions

Penghe Zhang, Naihua Xiu, Hou-Duo Qi

The hard-margin loss function has been at the core of the support vector machine research from the very beginning due to its generalization capability...

High-Dimensional Statistics
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
On Model Identification and Out-of-Sample Prediction of PCR with Applications to Synthetic Controls

Devavrat Shah, Anish Agarwal, Dennis Shen

We analyze principal component regression (PCR) in a high-dimensional error-in-variables setting with fixed design. Under suitable conditions, we show...

Statistical Learning
JMLR Sep 08, 2025
Bayesian Scalar-on-Image Regression with a Spatially Varying Single-layer Neural Network Prior

Keru Wu, Jian Kang, Ben Wu

Deep neural networks (DNN) have been widely used in scalar-on-image regression to predict an outcome variable from imaging predictors. However, train...

Machine Learning Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
DRM Revisited: A Complete Error Analysis

Yuling Jiao, Ruoxuan Li, Peiying Wu et al.

It is widely known that the error analysis for deep learning involves approximation, statistical, and optimization errors. However, it is challenging ...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Principled Penalty-based Methods for Bilevel Reinforcement Learning and RLHF

Zhuoran Yang, Han Shen, Tianyi Chen

Bilevel optimization has been recently applied to many machine learning tasks. However, their applications have been restricted to the supervised lear...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Precise High-Dimensional Asymptotics for Quantifying Heterogeneous Transfers

Fan Yang, Hongyang R. Zhang, Sen Wu et al.

The problem of learning one task using samples from another task is central to transfer learning. In this paper, we focus on answering the following q...

High-Dimensional Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Score-based Causal Representation Learning: Linear and General Transformations

Burak Var{{\i}}c{{\i}}, Emre Acartürk, Karthikeyan Shanmugam et al.

This paper addresses intervention-based causal representation learning (CRL) under a general nonparametric latent causal model and an unknown transfor...

Causal Inference
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
On the Statistical Properties of Generative Adversarial Models for Low Intrinsic Data Dimension

Saptarshi Chakraborty, Peter L. Bartlett

Despite the remarkable empirical successes of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), the theoretical guarantees for their statistical accuracy remain...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Prominent Roles of Conditionally Invariant Components in Domain Adaptation: Theory and Algorithms

Keru Wu, Yuansi Chen, Wooseok Ha et al.

Domain adaptation (DA) is a statistical learning problem that arises when the distribution of the source data used to train a model differs from that ...

Machine Learning Computational Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Near-Optimal Nonconvex-Strongly-Convex Bilevel Optimization with Fully First-Order Oracles

Lesi Chen, Yaohua Ma, Jingzhao Zhang

In this work, we consider bilevel optimization when the lower-level problem is strongly convex. Recent works show that with a Hessian-vector product (...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Adaptive Distributed Kernel Ridge Regression: A Feasible Distributed Learning Scheme for Data Silos

Shao-Bo Lin, Xiaotong Liu, Di Wang et al.

Data silos, mainly caused by privacy and interoperability, significantly constrain collaborations among different organizations with similar data for ...

Nonparametric Statistics Machine Learning High-Dimensional Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
On Global and Local Convergence of Iterative Linear Quadratic Optimization Algorithms for Discrete Time Nonlinear Control

Vincent Roulet, Siddhartha Srinivasa, Maryam Fazel et al.

A classical approach for solving discrete time nonlinear control on a finite horizon consists in repeatedly minimizing linear quadratic approximations...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
A Decentralized Proximal Gradient Tracking Algorithm for Composite Optimization on Riemannian Manifolds

Lei Wang, Le Bao, Xin Liu

This paper focuses on minimizing a smooth function combined with a nonsmooth regularization term on a compact Riemannian submanifold embedded in the E...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Learning conditional distributions on continuous spaces

Cyril Benezet, Ziteng Cheng, Sebastian Jaimungal

We investigate sample-based learning of conditional distributions on multi-dimensional unit boxes, allowing for different dimensions of the feature an...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
A Unified Analysis of Nonstochastic Delayed Feedback for Combinatorial Semi-Bandits, Linear Bandits, and MDPs

Lukas Zierahn, Dirk van der Hoeven, Tal Lancewicki et al.

We derive a new analysis of Follow The Regularized Leader (FTRL) for online learning with delayed bandit feedback. By separating the cost of delayed f...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Error bounds for particle gradient descent, and extensions of the log-Sobolev and Talagrand inequalities

Rocco Caprio, Juan Kuntz, Samuel Power et al.

We derive non-asymptotic error bounds for particle gradient descent (PGD, Kuntz et al. (2023)), a recently introduced algorithm for maximum likelihoo...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Linear Hypothesis Testing in High-Dimensional Expected Shortfall Regression with Heavy-Tailed Errors

Kean Ming Tan, Wen-Xin Zhou, Gaoyu Wu et al.

Expected shortfall (ES) is widely used for characterizing the tail of a distribution across various fields, particularly in financial risk management....

Machine Learning High-Dimensional Statistics Hypothesis Testing
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Efficient Numerical Integration in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces via Leverage Scores Sampling

Antoine Chatalic, Nicolas Schreuder, Ernesto De Vito et al.

In this work we consider the problem of numerical integration, i.e., approximating integrals with respect to a target probability measure using only p...

Nonparametric Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Distribution Free Tests for Model Selection Based on Maximum Mean Discrepancy with Estimated Parameters

Florian Brück, Jean-David Fermanian, Aleksey Min

There exist several testing procedures based on the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) to address the challenge of model specification. However, these tes...

Statistical Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Statistical field theory for Markov decision processes under uncertainty

George Stamatescu

A statistical field theory is introduced for finite state and action Markov decision processes with unknown parameters, in a Bayesian setting. The Bel...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Bayesian Data Sketching for Varying Coefficient Regression Models

Rajarshi Guhaniyogi, Laura Baracaldo, Sudipto Banerjee

Varying coefficient models are popular for estimating nonlinear regression functions in functional data models. Their Bayesian variants have received ...

Machine Learning Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Bagged k-Distance for Mode-Based Clustering Using the Probability of Localized Level Sets

Hanyuan Hang

In this paper, we propose an ensemble learning algorithm named bagged $k$-distance for mode-based clustering (BDMBC) by putting forward a new measure ...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Linear cost and exponentially convergent approximation of Gaussian Matérn processes on intervals

David Bolin, Vaibhav Mehandiratta, Alexandre B. Simas

The computational cost for inference and prediction of statistical models based on Gaussian processes with Matérn covariance functions scales cubicall...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Invariant Subspace Decomposition

Margherita Lazzaretto, Jonas Peters, Niklas Pfister

We consider the task of predicting a response $Y$ from a set of covariates $X$ in settings where the conditional distribution of $Y$ given $X$ changes...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Posterior Concentrations of Fully-Connected Bayesian Neural Networks with General Priors on the Weights

Insung Kong, Yongdai Kim

Bayesian approaches for training deep neural networks (BNNs) have received significant interest and have been effectively utilized in a wide range of ...

Machine Learning Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Outlier Robust and Sparse Estimation of Linear Regression Coefficients

Takeyuki Sasai, Hironori Fujisawa

We consider outlier-robust and sparse estimation of linear regression coefficients, when the covariates and the noises are contaminated by adversarial...

Machine Learning High-Dimensional Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Affine Rank Minimization via Asymptotic Log-Det Iteratively Reweighted Least Squares

Sebastian Krämer

The affine rank minimization problem is a well-known approach to matrix recovery. While there are various surrogates to this NP-hard problem, we prove...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Causal Effect of Functional Treatment

Ruoxu Tan, Wei Huang, Zheng Zhang et al.

We study the causal effect with a functional treatment variable, where practical applications often arise in neuroscience, biomedical sciences, etc. P...

Causal Inference
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Uplift Model Evaluation with Ordinal Dominance Graphs

Brecht Verbeken, Marie-Anne Guerry, Wouter Verbeke et al.

Uplift modelling is a subfield of causal learning that focuses on ranking entities by individual treatment effects. Uplift models are typically evalua...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
High-Dimensional L2-Boosting: Rate of Convergence

Ye Luo, Martin Spindler, Jannis Kueck

Boosting is one of the most significant developments in machine learning. This paper studies the rate of convergence of L2-Boosting in a high-dimensio...

High-Dimensional Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Feature Learning in Finite-Width Bayesian Deep Linear Networks with Multiple Outputs and Convolutional Layers

Federico Bassetti, Marco Gherardi, Alessandro Ingrosso et al.

Deep linear networks have been extensively studied, as they provide simplified models of deep learning. However, little is known in the case of finite...

Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
How good is your Laplace approximation of the Bayesian posterior? Finite-sample computable error bounds for a variety of useful divergences

Miko{\l}aj J. Kasprzak, Ryan Giordano, Tamara Broderick

The Laplace approximation is a popular method for constructing a Gaussian approximation to the Bayesian posterior and thereby approximating the poster...

Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Integral Probability Metrics Meet Neural Networks: The Radon-Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test

Alden Green, Seunghoon Paik, Michael Celentano et al.

Integral probability metrics (IPMs) constitute a general class of nonparametric two-sample tests that are based on maximizing the mean difference betw...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
On Inference for the Support Vector Machine

Wen-Xin Zhou, Jakub Rybak, Heather Battey

The linear support vector machine has a parametrised decision boundary. The paper considers inference for the corresponding parameters, which indicate...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Random Pruning Over-parameterized Neural Networks Can Improve Generalization: A Training Dynamics Analysis

Hongru Yang, Yingbin Liang, Xiaojie Guo et al.

It has been observed that applying pruning-at-initialization methods and training the sparse networks can sometimes yield slightly better test perform...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Causal Abstraction: A Theoretical Foundation for Mechanistic Interpretability

Atticus Geiger, Duligur Ibeling, Amir Zur et al.

Causal abstraction provides a theoretical foundation for mechanistic interpretability, the field concerned with providing intelligible algorithms that...

Causal Inference
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Implicit vs Unfolded Graph Neural Networks

Yongyi Yang, Tang Liu, Yangkun Wang et al.

It has been observed that message-passing graph neural networks (GNN) sometimes struggle to maintain a healthy balance between the efficient / scalabl...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Towards Optimal Branching of Linear and Semidefinite Relaxations for Neural Network Robustness Certification

Brendon G. Anderson, Ziye Ma, Jingqi Li et al.

In this paper, we study certifying the robustness of ReLU neural networks against adversarial input perturbations. To diminish the relaxation error su...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
GraphNeuralNetworks.jl: Deep Learning on Graphs with Julia

Carlo Lucibello, Aurora Rossi

GraphNeuralNetworks.jl is an open-source framework for deep learning on graphs, written in the Julia programming language. It supports multiple GPU ba...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Dynamic angular synchronization under smoothness constraints

Ernesto Araya, Mihai Cucuringu, Hemant Tyagi

Given an undirected measurement graph $\mathcal{H} = ([n], \mathcal{E})$, the classical angular synchronization problem consists of recovering unkno...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Derivative-Informed Neural Operator Acceleration of Geometric MCMC for Infinite-Dimensional Bayesian Inverse Problems

Lianghao Cao, Thomas O'Leary-Roseberry, Omar Ghattas

We propose an operator learning approach to accelerate geometric Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) for solving infinite-dimensional Bayesian inverse pro...

Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Wasserstein F-tests for Frechet regression on Bures-Wasserstein manifolds

Hongzhe Li, Haoshu Xu

This paper addresses regression analysis for covariance matrix-valued outcomes with Euclidean covariates, motivated by applications in single-cell gen...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Distributed Stochastic Bilevel Optimization: Improved Complexity and Heterogeneity Analysis

Youcheng Niu, Jinming Xu, Ying Sun et al.

This paper considers solving a class of nonconvex-strongly-convex distributed stochastic bilevel optimization (DSBO) problems with personalized inner-...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Learning causal graphs via nonlinear sufficient dimension reduction

Eftychia Solea, Bing Li, Kyongwon Kim

We introduce a new nonparametric methodology for estimating a directed acyclic graph (DAG) from observational data. Our method is nonparametric in nat...

Causal Inference
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
On Consistent Bayesian Inference from Synthetic Data

Ossi Räisä, Joonas Jälkö, Antti Honkela

Generating synthetic data, with or without differential privacy, has attracted significant attention as a potential solution to the dilemma between ma...

Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Optimization Over a Probability Simplex

James Chok, Geoffrey M. Vasil

We propose a new iteration scheme, the Cauchy-Simplex, to optimize convex problems over the probability simplex $\{w\in\mathbb{R}^n\ |\ \sum_i w_i=1\ ...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Laplace Meets Moreau: Smooth Approximation to Infimal Convolutions Using Laplace's Method

Ryan J. Tibshirani, Samy Wu Fung, Howard Heaton et al.

We study approximations to the Moreau envelope---and infimal convolutions more broadly---based on Laplace's method, a classical tool in analysis which...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Sampling and Estimation on Manifolds using the Langevin Diffusion

Karthik Bharath, Alexander Lewis, Akash Sharma et al.

Error bounds are derived for sampling and estimation using a discretization of an intrinsically defined Langevin diffusion with invariant measure $\te...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Sharp Bounds for Sequential Federated Learning on Heterogeneous Data

Yipeng Li, Xinchen Lyu

There are two paradigms in Federated Learning (FL): parallel FL (PFL), where models are trained in a parallel manner across clients, and sequential FL...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Local Linear Recovery Guarantee of Deep Neural Networks at Overparameterization

Yaoyu Zhang, Leyang Zhang, Zhongwang Zhang et al.

Determining whether deep neural network (DNN) models can reliably recover target functions at overparameterization is a critical yet complex issue in ...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Stabilizing Sharpness-Aware Minimization Through A Simple Renormalization Strategy

Chengli Tan, Jiangshe Zhang, Junmin Liu et al.

Recently, sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has attracted much attention because of its surprising effectiveness in improving generalization performa...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Fine-Grained Change Point Detection for Topic Modeling with Pitman-Yor Process

Feifei Wang, Zimeng Zhao, Ruimin Ye et al.

Identifying change points in dynamic text data is crucial for understanding the evolving nature of topics across various sources, such as news article...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Deletion Robust Non-Monotone Submodular Maximization over Matroids

Paul Dütting, Federico Fusco, Silvio Lattanzi et al.

We study the deletion robust version of submodular maximization under matroid constraints. The goal is to extract a small-size summary of the data set...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Instability, Computational Efficiency and Statistical Accuracy

Raaz Dwivedi, Koulik Khamaru, Martin J. Wainwright et al.

Many statistical estimators are defined as the fixed point of a data-dependent operator, with estimators based on minimizing a cost function being an ...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Estimation of Local Geometric Structure on Manifolds from Noisy Data

Yariv Aizenbud, Barak Sober

A common observation in data-driven applications is that high-dimensional data have a low intrinsic dimension, at least locally. In this work, we cons...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Ontolearn---A Framework for Large-scale OWL Class Expression Learning in Python

Caglar Demir, Alkid Baci, N'Dah Jean Kouagou et al.

In this paper, we present Ontolearn---a framework for learning OWL class expressions over large knowledge graphs. Ontolearn contains efficient implem...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Continuously evolving rewards in an open-ended environment

Richard M. Bailey

Unambiguous identification of the rewards driving behaviours of entities operating in complex open-ended real-world environments is difficult, in part...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Recursive Causal Discovery

Ehsan Mokhtarian, Sepehr Elahi, Sina Akbari et al.

Causal discovery from observational data, i.e., learning the causal graph from a finite set of samples from the joint distribution of the variables, i...

Causal Inference
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Evaluation of Active Feature Acquisition Methods for Time-varying Feature Settings

Ilya Shpitser, Henrik von Kleist, Alireza Zamanian et al.

Machine learning methods often assume that input features are available at no cost. However, in domains like healthcare, where acquiring features coul...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
On Adaptive Stochastic Optimization for Streaming Data: A Newton's Method with O(dN) Operations

Antoine Godichon-Baggioni, Nicklas Werge

Stochastic optimization methods face new challenges in the realm of streaming data, characterized by a continuous flow of large, high-dimensional data...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Determine the Number of States in Hidden Markov Models via Marginal Likelihood

Yang Chen, Cheng-Der Fuh, Chu-Lan Michael Kao

Hidden Markov models (HMM) have been widely used by scientists to model stochastic systems: the underlying process is a discrete Markov chain, and the...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Variance-Aware Estimation of Kernel Mean Embedding

Geoffrey Wolfer, Pierre Alquier

An important feature of kernel mean embeddings (KME) is that the rate of convergence of the empirical KME to the true distribution KME can be bounded ...

Nonparametric Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Scaling ResNets in the Large-depth Regime

Pierre Marion, Adeline Fermanian, Gérard Biau et al.

Deep ResNets are recognized for achieving state-of-the-art results in complex machine learning tasks. However, the remarkable performance of these arc...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
A Comparative Evaluation of Quantification Methods

Tobias Schumacher, Markus Strohmaier, Florian Lemmerich

Quantification represents the problem of estimating the distribution of class labels on unseen data. It also represents a growing research field in su...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Lightning UQ Box: Uncertainty Quantification for Neural Networks

Nils Lehmann, Nina Maria Gottschling, Jakob Gawlikowski et al.

Although neural networks have shown impressive results in a multitude of application domains, the "black box" nature of deep learning and lack of conf...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Scaling Data-Constrained Language Models

Niklas Muennighoff, Alexander M. Rush, Boaz Barak et al.

The current trend of scaling language models involves increasing both parameter count and training data set size. Extrapolating this trend suggests th...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Curvature-based Clustering on Graphs

Zachary Lubberts, Yu Tian, Melanie Weber

Unsupervised node clustering (or community detection) is a classical graph learning task. In this paper, we study algorithms that exploit the geometry...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Composite Goodness-of-fit Tests with Kernels

Oscar Key, Arthur Gretton, François-Xavier Briol et al.

We propose kernel-based hypothesis tests for the challenging composite testing problem, where we are interested in whether the data comes from any dis...

Nonparametric Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
PFLlib: A Beginner-Friendly and Comprehensive Personalized Federated Learning Library and Benchmark

Yang Liu, Jianqing Zhang, Yang Hua et al.

Amid the ongoing advancements in Federated Learning (FL), a machine learning paradigm that allows collaborative learning with data privacy protection,...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
The Effect of SGD Batch Size on Autoencoder Learning: Sparsity, Sharpness, and Feature Learning

Wooseok Ha, Bin Yu, Nikhil Ghosh et al.

In this work, we investigate the dynamics of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) when training a single-neuron autoencoder with linear or ReLU activatio...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Efficient and Robust Transfer Learning of Optimal Individualized Treatment Regimes with Right-Censored Survival Data

Pan Zhao, Shu Yang, Julie Josse

An individualized treatment regime (ITR) is a decision rule that assigns treatments based on patients' characteristics. The value function of an ITR i...

Survival Analysis
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
DAGs as Minimal I-maps for the Induced Models of Causal Bayesian Networks under Conditioning

Xiangdong Xie, Jiahua Guo, Yi Sun

Bayesian networks (BNs) are a powerful tool for knowledge representation and reasoning, especially for complex systems. A critical task in the applic...

Causal Inference Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Adjusted Expected Improvement for Cumulative Regret Minimization in Noisy Bayesian Optimization

Shouri Hu, Haowei Wang, Zhongxiang Dai et al.

The expected improvement (EI) is one of the most popular acquisition functions for Bayesian optimization (BO) and has demonstrated good empirical perf...

Computational Statistics Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Manifold Fitting under Unbounded Noise

Zhigang Yao, Yuqing Xia

In the field of non-Euclidean statistical analysis, a trend has emerged in recent times, of attempts to recover a low dimensional structure, namely a ...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Learning Global Nash Equilibrium in Team Competitive Games with Generalized Fictitious Cross-Play

Zelai Xu, Chao Yu, Yancheng Liang et al.

Self-play (SP) is a popular multi-agent reinforcement learning framework for competitive games. Despite the empirical success, the theoretical propert...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Wasserstein Convergence Guarantees for a General Class of Score-Based Generative Models

Xuefeng Gao, Hoang M. Nguyen, Lingjiong Zhu

Score-based generative models are a recent class of deep generative models with state-of-the-art performance in many applications. In this paper, we e...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Extremal graphical modeling with latent variables via convex optimization

Sebastian Engelke, Armeen Taeb

Extremal graphical models encode the conditional independence structure of multivariate extremes and provide a powerful tool for quantifying the risk ...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
On the Approximation of Kernel functions

Paul Dommel, Alois Pichler

Various methods in statistical learning build on kernels considered in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. In applications, the kernel is often selecte...

Nonparametric Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Efficient and Robust Semi-supervised Estimation of Average Treatment Effect with Partially Annotated Treatment and Response

Jue Hou, Tianxi Cai, Rajarshi Mukherjee

A notable challenge of leveraging Electronic Health Records (EHR) for treatment effect assessment is the lack of precise information on important clin...

Causal Inference
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Nonconvex Stochastic Bregman Proximal Gradient Method with Application to Deep Learning

Jingyang Li, Kuangyu Ding, Kim-Chuan Toh

Stochastic gradient methods for minimizing nonconvex composite objective functions typically rely on the Lipschitz smoothness of the differentiable pa...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Optimizing Data Collection for Machine Learning

Rafid Mahmood, James Lucas, Jose M. Alvarez et al.

Modern deep learning systems require huge data sets to achieve impressive performance, but there is little guidance on how much or what kind of data t...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Unbalanced Kantorovich-Rubinstein distance, plan, and barycenter on nite spaces: A statistical perspective

Shayan Hundrieser, Florian Heinemann, Marcel Klatt et al.

We analyze statistical properties of plug-in estimators for unbalanced optimal transport quantities between finitely supported measures in different p...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Copula-based Sensitivity Analysis for Multi-Treatment Causal Inference with Unobserved Confounding

Jiajing Zheng, Alexander D'Amour, Alexander Franks

Recent work has focused on the potential and pitfalls of causal identification in observational studies with multiple simultaneous treatments. Buildin...

Causal Inference
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Rank-one Convexification for Sparse Regression

Alper Atamturk, Andres Gomez

Sparse regression models are increasingly prevalent due to their ease of interpretability and superior out-of-sample performance. However, the exact m...

Machine Learning High-Dimensional Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
gsplat: An Open-Source Library for Gaussian Splatting

Vickie Ye, Ruilong Li, Justin Kerr et al.

gsplat is an open-source library designed for training and developing Gaussian Splatting methods. It features a front-end with Python bindings compati...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Statistical Inference of Constrained Stochastic Optimization via Sketched Sequential Quadratic Programming

Sen Na, Michael Mahoney

We consider online statistical inference of constrained stochastic nonlinear optimization problems. We apply the Stochastic Sequential Quadratic Progr...

Machine Learning Computational Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Sliced-Wasserstein Distances and Flows on Cartan-Hadamard Manifolds

Clément Bonet, Lucas Drumetz, Nicolas Courty

While many Machine Learning methods have been developed or transposed on Riemannian manifolds to tackle data with known non-Euclidean geometry, Optima...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Accelerating optimization over the space of probability measures

Shi Chen, Qin Li, Oliver Tse et al.

The acceleration of gradient-based optimization methods is a subject of significant practical and theoretical importance, particularly within machine ...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Bayesian Multi-Group Gaussian Process Models for Heterogeneous Group-Structured Data

Sudipto Banerjee, Didong Li, Andrew Jones et al.

Gaussian processes are pervasive in functional data analysis, machine learning, and spatial statistics for modeling complex dependencies. Scientific d...

Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Orthogonal Bases for Equivariant Graph Learning with Provable k-WL Expressive Power

Jia He, Maggie Cheng

Graph neural network (GNN) models have been widely used for learning graph-structured data. Due to the permutation-invariant requirement of graph lear...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Optimal Experiment Design for Causal Effect Identification

Sina Akbari, Negar Kiyavash, Jalal Etesami

Pearl’s do calculus is a complete axiomatic approach to learn the identifiable causal effects from observational data. When such an effect is not iden...

Causal Inference
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Mean Aggregator is More Robust than Robust Aggregators under Label Poisoning Attacks on Distributed Heterogeneous Data

Jie Peng, Weiyu Li, Stefan Vlaski et al.

Robustness to malicious attacks is of paramount importance for distributed learning. Existing works usually consider the classical Byzantine attacks m...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
The Blessing of Heterogeneity in Federated Q-Learning: Linear Speedup and Beyond

Jiin Woo, Gauri Joshi, Yuejie Chi

In this paper, we consider federated Q-learning, which aims to learn an optimal Q-function by periodically aggregating local Q-estimates trained on lo...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
depyf: Open the Opaque Box of PyTorch Compiler for Machine Learning Researchers

Kaichao You, Runsheng Bai, Meng Cao et al.

PyTorch 2.x introduces a compiler designed to accelerate deep learning programs. However, for machine learning researchers, fully leveraging the PyTor...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
The ODE Method for Stochastic Approximation and Reinforcement Learning with Markovian Noise

Shuze Daniel Liu, Shuhang Chen, Shangtong Zhang

Stochastic approximation is a class of algorithms that update a vector iteratively, incrementally, and stochastically, including, e.g., stochastic gra...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Improving Graph Neural Networks on Multi-node Tasks with the Labeling Trick

Xiyuan Wang, Pan Li, Muhan Zhang

In this paper, we study using graph neural networks (GNNs) for multi-node representation learning, where a representation for a set of more than one n...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Directed Cyclic Graphs for Simultaneous Discovery of Time-Lagged and Instantaneous Causality from Longitudinal Data Using Instrumental Variables

Wei Jin, Yang Ni, Amanda B. Spence et al.

We consider the problem of causal discovery from longitudinal observational data. We develop a novel framework that simultaneously discovers the time-...

Causal Inference
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Bayesian Sparse Gaussian Mixture Model for Clustering in High Dimensions

Fangzheng Xie, Yanxun Xu, Dapeng Yao

We study the sparse high-dimensional Gaussian mixture model when the number of clusters is allowed to grow with the sample size. A minimax lower bound...

High-Dimensional Statistics Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Regularizing Hard Examples Improves Adversarial Robustness

Hyungyu Lee, Saehyung Lee, Ho Bae et al.

Recent studies have validated that pruning hard-to-learn examples from training improves the generalization performance of neural networks (NNs). In t...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Random ReLU Neural Networks as Non-Gaussian Processes

Rahul Parhi, Pakshal Bohra, Ayoub El Biari et al.

We consider a large class of shallow neural networks with randomly initialized parameters and rectified linear unit activation functions. We prove tha...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Riemannian Bilevel Optimization

Jiaxiang Li, Shiqian Ma

In this work, we consider the bilevel optimization problem on Riemannian manifolds. We inspect the calculation of the hypergradient of such problems o...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Supervised Learning with Evolving Tasks and Performance Guarantees

Verónica Álvarez, Santiago Mazuelas, Jose A. Lozano

Multiple supervised learning scenarios are composed by a sequence of classification tasks. For instance, multi-task learning and continual learning ai...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Error estimation and adaptive tuning for unregularized robust M-estimator

Pierre C. Bellec, Takuya Koriyama

We consider unregularized robust M-estimators for linear models under Gaussian design and heavy-tailed noise, in the proportional asymptotics regime w...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
From Sparse to Dense Functional Data in High Dimensions: Revisiting Phase Transitions from a Non-Asymptotic Perspective

Xinghao Qiao, Dong Li, Shaojun Guo et al.

Nonparametric estimation of the mean and covariance functions is ubiquitous in functional data analysis and local linear smoothing techniques are most...

High-Dimensional Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Locally Private Causal Inference for Randomized Experiments

Jordan Awan, Yuki Ohnishi

Local differential privacy is a differential privacy paradigm in which individuals first apply a privacy mechanism to their data (often by adding nois...

Causal Inference
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Estimating Network-Mediated Causal Effects via Principal Components Network Regression

Alex Hayes, Mark M. Fredrickson, Keith Levin

We develop a method to decompose causal effects on a social network into an indirect effect mediated by the network, and a direct effect independent o...

Causal Inference Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Selective Inference with Distributed Data

Snigdha Panigrahi, Sifan Liu

When data are distributed across multiple sites or machines rather than centralized in one location, researchers face the challenge of extracting mean...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Two-Timescale Gradient Descent Ascent Algorithms for Nonconvex Minimax Optimization

Michael I. Jordan, Tianyi Lin, Chi Jin

We provide a unified analysis of two-timescale gradient descent ascent (TTGDA) for solving structured nonconvex minimax optimization problems in the f...

Computational Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
An Axiomatic Definition of Hierarchical Clustering

Ery Arias-Castro, Elizabeth Coda

In this paper, we take an axiomatic approach to defining a population hierarchical clustering for piecewise constant densities, and in a similar manne...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Test-Time Training on Video Streams

Renhao Wang, Yu Sun, Arnuv Tandon et al.

Prior work has established Test-Time Training (TTT) as a general framework to further improve a trained model at test time. Before making a prediction...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Adaptive Client Sampling in Federated Learning via Online Learning with Bandit Feedback

Boxin Zhao, Lingxiao Wang, Ziqi Liu et al.

Due to the high cost of communication, federated learning (FL) systems need to sample a subset of clients that are involved in each round of training....

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
A Random Matrix Approach to Low-Multilinear-Rank Tensor Approximation

Hugo Lebeau, Florent Chatelain, Romain Couillet

This work presents a comprehensive understanding of the estimation of a planted low-rank signal from a general spiked tensor model near the computatio...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Memory Gym: Towards Endless Tasks to Benchmark Memory Capabilities of Agents

Marco Pleines, Matthias Pallasch, Frank Zimmer et al.

Memory Gym presents a suite of 2D partially observable environments, namely Mortar Mayhem, Mystery Path, and Searing Spotlights, designed to benchmark...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Enhancing Graph Representation Learning with Localized Topological Features

Zuoyu Yan, Qi Zhao, Ze Ye et al.

Representation learning on graphs is a fundamental problem that can be crucial in various tasks. Graph neural networks, the dominant approach for grap...

JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Deep Out-of-Distribution Uncertainty Quantification via Weight Entropy Maximization

Antoine de Mathelin, François Deheeger, Mathilde Mougeot et al.

This paper deals with uncertainty quantification and out-of-distribution detection in deep learning using Bayesian and ensemble methods. It proposes a...

Machine Learning
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
DisC2o-HD: Distributed causal inference with covariates shift for analyzing real-world high-dimensional data

Jiayi Tong, Jie Hu, George Hripcsak et al.

High-dimensional healthcare data, such as electronic health records (EHR) data and claims data, present two primary challenges due to the large number...

Causal Inference High-Dimensional Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Bayes Meets Bernstein at the Meta Level: an Analysis of Fast Rates in Meta-Learning with PAC-Bayes

Pierre Alquier, Charles Riou, Badr-Eddine Chérief-Abdellatif

Bernstein's condition is a key assumption that guarantees fast rates in machine learning. For example, under this condition, the Gibbs posterior with ...

Bayesian Statistics
JMLR Jul 30, 2025
Efficiently Escaping Saddle Points in Bilevel Optimization

Shiqian Ma, Minhui Huang, Xuxing Chen et al.

Bilevel optimization is one of the fundamental problems in machine learning and optimization. Recent theoretical developments in bilevel optimization ...

Computational Statistics