JMLR

ClimSim-Online: A Large Multi-Scale Dataset and Framework for Hybrid Physics-ML Climate Emulation

Authors

Sungduk Yu Zeyuan Hu Akshay Subramaniam Walter Hannah Liran Peng Jerry Lin Mohamed Aziz Bhouri Ritwik Gupta Björn Lütjens Justus C. Will Gunnar Behrens Julius J. M. Busecke Nora Loose Charles I Stern Tom Beucler Bryce Harrop Helge Heuer Benjamin R Hillman Andrea Jenney Nana Liu Alistair White Tian Zheng Zhiming Kuang Fiaz Ahmed Elizabeth Barnes Noah D. Brenowitz Christopher Bretherton Veronika Eyring Savannah Ferretti Nicholas Lutsko Pierre Gentine Stephan Mandt J. David Neelin Rose Yu Laure Zanna Nathan M. Urban Janni Yuval Ryan Abernathey Pierre Baldi Wayne Chuang Yu Huang Fernando Iglesias-Suarez Sanket Jantre Po-Lun Ma Sara Shamekh Guang Zhang Michael Pritchard

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Paper Information

Journal:
Journal of Machine Learning Research
Added to Tracker:
Sep 08, 2025

Abstract

Modern climate projections lack adequate spatial and temporal resolution due to computational constraints, leading to inaccuracies in representing critical processes like thunderstorms that occur on the sub-resolution scale. Hybrid methods combining physics with machine learning (ML) offer faster, higher fidelity climate simulations by outsourcing compute-hungry, high-resolution simulations to ML emulators. However, these hybrid physics-ML simulations require domain-specific data and workflows that have been inaccessible to many ML experts. This paper is an extended version of our NeurIPS award-winning ClimSim dataset paper. The ClimSim dataset includes 5.7 billion pairs of multivariate input/output vectors spanning ten years at high temporal resolution, capturing the influence of high-resolution, high-fidelity physics on a host climate simulator's macro-scale state. In this extended version, we introduce a significant new contribution in Section 5, which provides a cross-platform, containerized pipeline to integrate ML models into operational climate simulators for hybrid testing. We also implement various baselines of ML models and hybrid simulators to highlight the ML challenges of building stable, skillful emulators. The data (https://huggingface.co/datasets/LEAP/ClimSim_high-res, also in a low-resolution version at https://huggingface.co/datasets/LEAP/ClimSim_low-res and an aquaplanet version at https://huggingface.co/datasets/LEAP/ClimSim_low-res_aqua-planet) and code (https://leap-stc.github.io/ClimSim and https://github.com/leap-stc/climsim-online) are publicly released to support the development of hybrid physics-ML and high-fidelity climate simulations.

Author Details

Sungduk Yu

Author

Zeyuan Hu

Author

Akshay Subramaniam

Author

Walter Hannah

Author

Liran Peng

Author

Jerry Lin

Author

Mohamed Aziz Bhouri

Author

Ritwik Gupta

Author

Björn Lütjens

Author

Justus C. Will

Author

Gunnar Behrens

Author

Julius J. M. Busecke

Author

Nora Loose

Author

Charles I Stern

Author

Tom Beucler

Author

Bryce Harrop

Author

Helge Heuer

Author

Benjamin R Hillman

Author

Andrea Jenney

Author

Nana Liu

Author

Alistair White

Author

Tian Zheng

Author

Zhiming Kuang

Author

Fiaz Ahmed

Author

Elizabeth Barnes

Author

Noah D. Brenowitz

Author

Christopher Bretherton

Author

Veronika Eyring

Author

Savannah Ferretti

Author

Nicholas Lutsko

Author

Pierre Gentine

Author

Stephan Mandt

Author

J. David Neelin

Author

Rose Yu

Author

Laure Zanna

Author

Nathan M. Urban

Author

Janni Yuval

Author

Ryan Abernathey

Author

Pierre Baldi

Author

Wayne Chuang

Author

Yu Huang

Author

Fernando Iglesias-Suarez

Author

Sanket Jantre

Author

Po-Lun Ma

Author

Sara Shamekh

Author

Guang Zhang

Author

Michael Pritchard

Author

Citation Information

APA Format


                                
                                    
                                    Sungduk Yu
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Zeyuan Hu
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Akshay Subramaniam
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Walter Hannah
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Liran Peng
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Jerry Lin
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Mohamed Aziz Bhouri
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Ritwik Gupta
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Björn Lütjens
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Justus C. Will
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Gunnar Behrens
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Julius J. M. Busecke
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Nora Loose
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Charles I Stern
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Tom Beucler
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Bryce Harrop
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Helge Heuer
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Benjamin R Hillman
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Andrea Jenney
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Nana Liu
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Alistair White
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Tian Zheng
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Zhiming Kuang
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Fiaz Ahmed
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Elizabeth Barnes
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Noah D. Brenowitz
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Christopher Bretherton
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Veronika Eyring
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Savannah Ferretti
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Nicholas Lutsko
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Pierre Gentine
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Stephan Mandt
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    J. David Neelin
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Rose Yu
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Laure Zanna
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Nathan M. Urban
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Janni Yuval
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Ryan Abernathey
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Pierre Baldi
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Wayne Chuang
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Yu Huang
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Fernando Iglesias-Suarez
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Sanket Jantre
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Po-Lun Ma
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Sara Shamekh
                                
                                    
                                        , 
                                    
                                    Guang Zhang
                                
                                    
                                         & 
                                    
                                    Michael Pritchard
                                
                                . 
                                ClimSim-Online: A Large Multi-Scale Dataset and Framework for Hybrid Physics-ML Climate Emulation. 
                                Journal of Machine Learning Research
                                .

BibTeX Format


@article{paper513,

  title = { ClimSim-Online: A Large Multi-Scale Dataset and Framework for Hybrid Physics-ML Climate Emulation },

  author = { 
                                
                                    Sungduk Yu
                                
                                     and Zeyuan Hu
                                
                                     and Akshay Subramaniam
                                
                                     and Walter Hannah
                                
                                     and Liran Peng
                                
                                     and Jerry Lin
                                
                                     and Mohamed Aziz Bhouri
                                
                                     and Ritwik Gupta
                                
                                     and Björn Lütjens
                                
                                     and Justus C. Will
                                
                                     and Gunnar Behrens
                                
                                     and Julius J. M. Busecke
                                
                                     and Nora Loose
                                
                                     and Charles I Stern
                                
                                     and Tom Beucler
                                
                                     and Bryce Harrop
                                
                                     and Helge Heuer
                                
                                     and Benjamin R Hillman
                                
                                     and Andrea Jenney
                                
                                     and Nana Liu
                                
                                     and Alistair White
                                
                                     and Tian Zheng
                                
                                     and Zhiming Kuang
                                
                                     and Fiaz Ahmed
                                
                                     and Elizabeth Barnes
                                
                                     and Noah D. Brenowitz
                                
                                     and Christopher Bretherton
                                
                                     and Veronika Eyring
                                
                                     and Savannah Ferretti
                                
                                     and Nicholas Lutsko
                                
                                     and Pierre Gentine
                                
                                     and Stephan Mandt
                                
                                     and J. David Neelin
                                
                                     and Rose Yu
                                
                                     and Laure Zanna
                                
                                     and Nathan M. Urban
                                
                                     and Janni Yuval
                                
                                     and Ryan Abernathey
                                
                                     and Pierre Baldi
                                
                                     and Wayne Chuang
                                
                                     and Yu Huang
                                
                                     and Fernando Iglesias-Suarez
                                
                                     and Sanket Jantre
                                
                                     and Po-Lun Ma
                                
                                     and Sara Shamekh
                                
                                     and Guang Zhang
                                
                                     and Michael Pritchard
                                
                                },

  journal = { Journal of Machine Learning Research },



  url = { https://www.jmlr.org/papers/v26/24-1014.html }

}

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