Modelling with categorical features via exact fusion and sparsity regularization

Abstract We study the high-dimensional linear regression problem with categorical predictors that have many levels. We propose a new estimation approach, which performs model compression via two mechanisms by simultaneously encouraging (a) clustering of the regression coefficients to collapse some of the categorical levels together; and (b) sparsity of the regression coefficients. We present novel mixed integer programming formulations for our estimator, and develop a custom row generation procedure to speed up the exact off-the-shelf solvers. We also propose a fast approximate algorithm for our method that obtains high-quality feasible solutions via block coordinate descent. As the main building block of our algorithm, we develop an exact algorithm for the univariate case based on dynamic programming, which can be of independent interest. We establish new theoretical guarantees for both the prediction and the cluster recovery performance of our estimator. Our numerical experiments on synthetic and real datasets demonstrate that our proposed estimator tends to outperform the state-of-the-art.